{"id":1718,"date":"2025-11-10T14:33:32","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T11:33:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/?p=1718"},"modified":"2025-11-10T14:34:16","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T11:34:16","slug":"portekize-arraiolos-haliciliginin-temelini-olusturan-usak-halilari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/10\/portekize-arraiolos-haliciliginin-temelini-olusturan-usak-halilari\/","title":{"rendered":"Portekize Arraiolos Hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan U\u015fak Hal\u0131lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Portekiz Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 15.yy\u2019\u0131n sonunda daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Bu yeni duruma g\u00f6re \u00f6ncesinde Mouraria ve Judaria ismi verilen \u015fehirlerin \u00e7eperlerinde yer alan kendilerine mahsus mahallelerde ya\u015famalar\u0131na izin verilen Moro(M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar) ve Yahudiler Kral Manuel\u2019in ferman\u0131 ile ya krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmeye ya da vaftiz olarak Katolik olmay\u0131 kabul etmeye zorlan\u0131yordu. Bu politika Portekiz Kral\u0131n\u0131n bu kural\u0131 \u00f6nceden uygulamaya koyan Kastilya krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yak\u0131nla\u015fma hamlesi olarak yorumlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ferman Lizbon\u2019un demografik yap\u0131s\u0131nda sars\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok zanaatkar, esnaf ve alim \u015fehri terketmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu gidi\u015f krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomisini \u00f6ylesine sarsmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ki, m\u00fczisyenlik gibi morolardan ba\u015fka kimsenin icra etmedi\u011fi baz\u0131 meslek gruplar\u0131nda bu yasa\u011f\u0131 esnetmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 1Hal\u0131 T\u00fcccarlar\u0131\u201d, de Jean-Le\u00f3n Ger\u00f3me<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte Lizbon\u2019u terk edenlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 da dokumac\u0131lard\u0131. Bu dokumac\u0131lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Cebelitar\u0131k bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak Magrib krall\u0131klar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise ba\u015fkentten uzakta bir k\u00f6yde kendisine yeni bir hayat kurmay\u0131 denemi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte Yab\u00fcre(\u00c9vora) yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Arraiolos k\u00f6y\u00fcnde dokumac\u0131l\u0131k morolar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeye gelmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.yy\u2019\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, Vasco da Gama\u2019n\u0131n Hindistan\u2019a deniz yoluyla varmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan zenginle\u015fme k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Portekiz\u2019de varl\u0131kl\u0131 bir t\u00fcccar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu t\u00fcccarlar kendilerine k\u00f6\u015fkler ve saraylar yapt\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu saraylar\u0131 dekore ederken, s\u0131k\u00e7a gidip geldikleri \u0130talyan saraylar\u0131na \u00f6zeniyor ve hal\u0131 ile donatmak istiyorlard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda da Kiliselere ba\u011f\u0131\u015f olarak b\u00f6ylesine zengin mobilya ve dekoratif tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama gelene\u011fi vard\u0131. Ancak Portekiz co\u011frafi olarak Osmanl\u0131 Devletine \u00e7ok uzak bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00f6lge pazarlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Hal\u0131s\u0131na rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyordu. Baz\u0131 taklit hal\u0131lar Kastilya\u2019da yap\u0131larak Portekiz\u2019e sat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bazen de hal\u0131lar\u0131n kendisi gelmese de resim sanat\u0131 yoluyla baz\u0131 hal\u0131lar\u0131n motifleri Portekiz\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2Anuncia\u00e7\u00e3o-Greg\u00f3rio Lopes- Ret\u00e1bulo de Santos o Novo. 1541’den \u00f6nce<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Portekiz Resim sanat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f yap\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131lan Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n Cebrail taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcjdelenmesine ait bir tablo Flemenk resiminin Portekiz resmini etkilemesi ile do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Tabloda olduk\u00e7a belirgin \u015fekilde resmedilen bir u\u015fak hal\u0131s\u0131 sonralar\u0131 Avrupada \u0130talya\u2019da Lorenzo Lotto\u2019nun resimleri ile me\u015fhur oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Lotto hal\u0131s\u0131 ile nam salm\u0131\u015f, 16.yy u\u015fak hal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rne\u011fiydi. Kufi bord\u00fcrleri olan hal\u0131 bask\u0131n bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renge sahipti. Bu hal\u0131lar Rumeli\u2019de Romanya\u2019da, \u0130talya\u2019ya kadar olan t\u00fcm do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da, devlet g\u00f6revlilerine, asillere hediye olarak g\u00f6nderiliyor ve zenginlik g\u00f6stergesi olarak te\u015fhir ediliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Portekiz\u2019de bulunan ilk T\u00fcrk hal\u0131s\u0131 olan g\u00f6rseldeki hal\u0131, Avis Haneda\u2019n\u0131n\u0131n envanterinde bulunan 15.yy\u2019\u0131n birinci yar\u0131s\u0131na(veya 16.yy\u2019a) tarihlendirilen bu hal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Paris\u2019teki Jacquemart-Andr\u00e9 m\u00fczesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arraiolos hal\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da kurulduktan sonra d\u00f6nemde Portekiz asilleri ve zenginleri aras\u0131nda son derece pop\u00fcler olan bu u\u015fak motifini taklit etme yoluna gitmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3 16.yy Arraiolos Hal\u0131s\u0131- Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lizbon\u2019da bulunan Eski eserler m\u00fczesindeki bu hal\u0131 Arraiolos hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan en eski hal\u0131lar\u0131ndan birisi olmu\u015f ve b\u00f6lge hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geleneksel bir motif halini alarak sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda da \u00e7ok\u00e7a taklidi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 4 Arraiolos Hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Bilgilendirme Merkezinde sergilenen U\u015fak Hal\u0131s\u0131 motifli Arraiolos Hal\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arraiolos hal\u0131lar\u0131 19.yy\u2019a gelindi\u011finde bile Portekiz kraliyet mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez motifleri aras\u0131nda yer almaya devam ediyordu. Kraliyet F\u0131rkateyni olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f Dom Fernando II e Gl\u00f3ria gemisinin l\u00fcks yemek salonunda yemek masas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcslemek i\u00e7in gene U\u015fak motifli Arraiolos hal\u0131lar\u0131 tercih edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Arraiolos Hal\u0131lar t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada nam salm\u0131\u015f bir Avrupa hal\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak me\u015fhurdur ve halen Portekiz\u2019de bir\u00e7ok evin vaz ge\u00e7ilmez s\u00fcsleme unsuru olarak tercih edilmeye devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 5Expo Dubai 2020’de Portekizli bir hal\u0131c\u0131 U\u015fak motifli Arraiolos hal\u0131s\u0131 dokurken:Arraiolos Belediye Ar\u015fivinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Portekiz\u2019in Arraiolos Hal\u0131c\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u015fey Portekiz devletinin ve Portekiz halk\u0131n\u0131n duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Portekiz\u2019de \u00fcretilmemi\u015f hi\u00e7bir hal\u0131 Arraiolos Hal\u0131s\u0131 ismiyle sat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Arraiolos \u015fehrinde orada \u00fcretilen hal\u0131lar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir hal\u0131 sat\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Bu konuda marka ve etiket d\u00fczenlemeleri oldu\u011fu gibi zaten Portekizlilerin do\u011fal duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr koruma bilin\u00e7leri nedeniyle yabanc\u0131 men\u015feili hal\u0131lar b\u00f6lgeye sokulmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hayran\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve taklidini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 can \u00e7eki\u015fmektedir. Art\u0131k Kapal\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131da bile T\u00fcrkiye men\u015feili T\u00fcrk hal\u0131s\u0131 bulunamaz hale gelmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya ve Orta Asya men\u015feili hal\u0131lar piyasay\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f ve yerli hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitme noktas\u0131na getirmi\u015f, bu i\u015fi yapan insanlar art\u0131k tezgahlar\u0131n\u0131 kapatarak ba\u015fka sekt\u00f6rlere y\u00f6nelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve T\u00fcrizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde alaca\u011f\u0131 tedbirler ve uygulamalar, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da bilinci ile yok olmakta olan T\u00fcrk hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurtarma eylem plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131 ve hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendisini T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi olarak g\u00f6ren her insan\u0131 evine T\u00fcrkiyede dokunmu\u015f bir T\u00fcrk hal\u0131s\u0131 almaya davet ediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130brahim AYBEK- Lizbon- 10.11.2025<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Portekiz Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 15.yy\u2019\u0131n sonunda daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Bu yeni duruma g\u00f6re \u00f6ncesinde Mouraria ve Judaria ismi verilen \u015fehirlerin \u00e7eperlerinde yer alan kendilerine mahsus mahallelerde ya\u015famalar\u0131na izin verilen Moro(M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar) ve Yahudiler Kral Manuel\u2019in ferman\u0131 ile...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[148,149,152,150,151],"class_list":["post-1718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur","tag-arraiolos","tag-hali","tag-lotto","tag-tapete","tag-usak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1718"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1732,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions\/1732"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}