{"id":945,"date":"2020-10-04T17:19:50","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T14:19:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/?p=945"},"modified":"2020-10-04T17:35:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-04T14:35:57","slug":"piri-reisin-dunya-haritasinin-gercek-boyutuna-dair-bir-tahmin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/04\/piri-reisin-dunya-haritasinin-gercek-boyutuna-dair-bir-tahmin\/","title":{"rendered":"Piri Reis\u2019in D\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek boyutuna dair bir tahmin"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"kapak\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 denizcili\u011fi dendi\u011finde herkesin akl\u0131na ilk gelen isimlerden birisi de ku\u015fkusuz Piri Reis\u2019tir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f T\u00fcrk denizcili\u011finin zirve \u015fahsiyetinin Akdenizi derinlemesine ele alan eseri olan Kitab-\u0131 Bahriye eseri, onun denizcilik ve co\u011frafya alanlar\u0131ndaki \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 derecede bilgi ve becerisini t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya ispat etmi\u015ftir. Ancak denizcili\u011fin p\u00eerini d\u00fcnya denizcilik tarihinde \u00f6zel k\u0131lan di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ise 1513 tarihli me\u015fhur d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu haritan\u0131n ancak bir par\u00e7as\u0131 bulunabilmi\u015f olup genel olarak Piri Reis\u2019in d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 ismiyle bilinmektedir. Ancak ikinci bir harita par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde bu par\u00e7a \u201cPiri Reis\u2019in 1. D\u00fcnya Haritas\u0131\u201d olarak isimlendirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bulunan par\u00e7a sadece T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda de\u011fil k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemeye konu olmu\u015ftur. Haritan\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da kay\u0131p oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise bulunan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l haritan\u0131n 1\/3\u2019\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedir. Ancak gerek haritan\u0131n bulunan k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki bilgilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gerekse de Piri Reis\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem ile \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde \u00e7izilen d\u00fcnya haritalar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, elimizdeki par\u00e7an\u0131n, as\u0131l haritan\u0131n asl\u0131nda yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (tahminen %20\u2019si) oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan ger\u00e7ekler bu tezi birka\u00e7 birka\u00e7 y\u00f6nden kuvvetlendirmektedir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Husus: Haritan\u0131n \u00c7izildi\u011fi Par\u015fomenin Al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131k Olmayan \u015eekli<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Piri Reis\u2019in haritay\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi zemin par\u015f\u00f6men, yani deridir. Bu bilgi de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde par\u015fomenin sol alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 60 derece e\u011fik bir kenar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kenara benzer e\u011fik kenarlar o d\u00f6nemde par\u015f\u00f6mene \u00e7izilen ba\u015fka haritalarda da mevcuttur. E\u011fik kenarlar par\u015fomenlerin imalat icab\u0131 d\u00fcmd\u00fcz \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131 nedeniyle olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu e\u011fik kenarlar par\u015fomenler \u00fczerinde simetriktir. Yani bir tarafta e\u011fik kenar varsa onun tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen tarafta da benzer bir e\u011fik kenar bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bak\u0131n\u0131z resimler.<\/p>\n

    \"\u015eekil<\/a>

    \u015eekil 1 Ceylan derisine \u00e7izilen Piri Reis haritas\u0131nda derinin boyun k\u0131sm\u0131na gelen daralan b\u00f6lge<\/p><\/div>\n

    \"\u015eekil<\/a>

    \u015eekil 2 1500 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u0131\u011f\u0131r derisine \u00e7izilen Mapa de Juan de la Cosa ‘daki daralan k\u0131s\u0131mlar.
    Kaynak: Museo Naval de Madrid<\/p><\/div>\n

    \"\u015eekil<\/a>

    \u015eekil 3 Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6nemine izafe edilen el-H\u00e2c Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan haritas\u0131 .
    Kaynak: TSMK, Hazine, nr. 1822<\/p><\/div>\n

    \"\u015eekil<\/a>

    \u015eekil 4 Piri Reisin haritas\u0131n\u0131n bulunan par\u00e7as\u0131 (Kahverengi) Haritan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tahmin edilen k\u0131sm\u0131 (Deri rengi)<\/p><\/div>\n

      \n
    1. Husus: Haritan\u0131n Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Piri Reis\u2019in Verdi\u011fi Bilgiler<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Haritan\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u015fu ifadeler yer almaktad\u0131r;<\/p>\n

      \"\u015eekil<\/a>

      \u015eekil 5 Piri Reisin Haritay\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7izdi\u011fini anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/p><\/div>\n

      \u201cBu k\u0131s\u0131m haritanin hangi y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7izildi\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

      Bu harita benzeri bir harita bu as\u0131rda kimsede yoktur. Bu fakirin \u00e7izimi itibar\u0131yla bir temel olu\u015ftu.Yirmi harita ve B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender zaman\u0131nda \u00e7izilen haritalar\u0131n sekizinden – ki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n insan yerle\u015fimli b\u00f6lgelerini g\u00f6sterir ve Araplar onlara Caferiyye der – Araplar\u0131n bir Hindistan haritas\u0131ndan ve Portekizlilerin zaman\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7izdikleri d\u00f6rt Asya haritas\u0131ndan ve Kolomb\u2019un bat\u0131da \u00e7izdi\u011fi haritadan faydaland\u0131m. Bunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak inceleyip \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarda bulunarak bu haritay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131m.\u201d[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

      [1]<\/a> Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi Haziran 2013 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n eki<\/p>\n

      Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamada Piri Reis birbirinden ilgin\u00e7 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bize sunmaktad\u0131r. Haritay\u0131 \u00e7izerken Araplar\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi Hindistan ve Portekizlilerin \u00e7izdi\u011fi Asya haritalar\u0131ndan faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde elimizde bulunan par\u00e7ada sadece Atlas okyanusu ve \u00e7evresini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu durum faydalan\u0131lan haritalarda yer alan b\u00f6lgelerin haritan\u0131n kay\u0131p k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle, Piri Reis\u2019in bu haritay\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde \u00e7izilmi\u015f olan ve denizcilerce bilinmekte olan haritalar\u0131n kapsamlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz gerekir.<\/p>\n

      Bat\u0131da 16.yy\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00e7izilen iki temel harita Portekiz\u2019in Hindistan\u2019a olan co\u011frafi ke\u015fifleri sonras\u0131nda \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan ilki olan Juan de la Cosa<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n haritas\u0131 1500 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlendirilmektedir ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine uygun \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterse de do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile Asya \u00e7izimleri halen \u00e7ok eski haritalardaki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bunun nedeni Barthalemeu Dias<\/em>\u2019\u0131n Afrika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu sahillerine ge\u00e7meden Portekiz\u2019e geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Di\u011fer bir Portekiz haritas\u0131 ise Padr\u00e3o Real<\/em>\u2019d\u0131r. Zaman\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir gizlilik ile korunmakta olan Padr\u00e3o Real <\/em>haritas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmasa da, s\u00f6z konusu haritan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nan bir kopyas\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Cantino<\/em> Haritas\u0131<\/em> hem Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fe daha yak\u0131n bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir, hem de Hindistan\u0131 modern haritalardaki bi\u00e7imine daha benzer bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Malakka Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asyay\u0131 da g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

      Piri Reis, d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131 bir\u00e7ok haritay\u0131 faydalanarak \u00e7izdi\u011finden bahsetmektedir. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda Piri Reis\u2019in metodunun ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 izlersek haritan\u0131n Do\u011fu Bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uzunlu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olabiliriz. Bu y\u00f6ntemle yukar\u0131da ismi zikredilen iki haritay\u0131 birle\u015ftirdi\u011fimizde, Piri Reis\u2019in haritas\u0131n\u0131n en bat\u0131da Brezilya\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak en do\u011fuda Malakka Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine kadar uzanmas\u0131 beklenir.<\/p>\n

      \"\u015eekil<\/a>

      \u015eekil 6 Cantino Haritas\u0131 1500
      Kaynak: Biblioteca Estense Universitaria<\/p><\/div>\n

      Portekizli Ka\u015fif Vasco de Gama<\/em> \u00dcmit Burnu\u2019nu dolanarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kenya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan Melinde \u015fehrine geldi\u011finde, burada \u00fcnl\u00fc Arap denizci \u0130bni Macid\u2019i yan\u0131na rehber olarak al\u0131r. Hint Okyanus\u2019u konusunda olduk\u00e7a mahir bir denizci olan \u0130bni Macid Portekizli kaptana Hint Okyanusunu g\u00f6steren haritalar verir. Vasco de Gama<\/em> ilk seferinde Kalk\u00fcta\u2019ya kadar ilerlemi\u015f ve oradan daha do\u011fuya gitmeyerek Portekiz\u2019e geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak Gama\u2019n\u0131n bu seyahati sonucunda \u00e7izdirdi\u011fi haritada Hindistan\u2019dan daha do\u011fu yerler de g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

      Portekiz haritalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Piri Reis Batlamyus<\/em>, Eratosten<\/em>, gibi antik d\u00f6nem haritac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n haritalar\u0131ndan da faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir. Batlamyus<\/em> haritas\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (Topkap\u0131 saray\u0131ndan da n\u00fcshalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, bilinen d\u00fcnyay\u0131 Kuzey-G\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde dar, Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzanan bir alan olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Yine 1375 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abraham Cresques taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izilen Katalan Atlas\u0131<\/em> d\u00fcnyay\u0131 Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uzanan bir \u015ferit olarak ele alm\u0131\u015f ve uzunca bir \u015ferit olarak \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Batlamyus\u2019a<\/em> g\u00f6re daha uzun ince bir dikt\u00f6rtgen olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      \"\u015eekil<\/a>

      \u015eekil 7 Batlamyus’un 2.yy’da \u00e7izi\u011fi d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131n reprod\u00fcksiyonu<\/p><\/div>\n

      \"\u015eekil<\/a>

      \u015eekil 8 Abraham Cresque’in 1375 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7izdi\u011fi Katalan Atlas\u0131 Kaynak:Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France. D\u00e9partement des Manuscrits. Espagnol 30<\/p><\/div>\n

      Piri Reis\u2019in bu haritalara benzer haritalardan yararlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7izdi\u011fi d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n Hindistan ve Uzak Do\u011fuyu da kapsayacak bir uzunlukta olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Yine haritan\u0131n bulunan par\u00e7as\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, en Kuzeydeki noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130berya yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n hemen yukar\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en bir enlem oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak bu enlem o d\u00f6nemden \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00e7izilen haritalarda dahi tastamam \u00e7izilmi\u015f olan Karadeniz, \u0130ngiltere, Danimarka Yar\u0131madas\u0131, Yec\u00fcc ve Mec\u00fcc Diyar\u0131 gibi b\u00f6lgelerden daha g\u00fcneyde kalmaktad\u0131r. Piri Reis\u2019in o g\u00fcne kadar \u00e7ok iyi bilinen bu yerleri d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131na almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00e7ok tutarl\u0131 olmaz, nitekim yukar\u0131da verilen a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kaptan \u201cBu harita benzeri bir harita bu as\u0131rda kimsede yoktur\u201d <\/em>\u015feklinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ifadede bulunmaktad\u0131r. Harita b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcnde en k\u00f6t\u00fc ihtimalle Balt\u0131k Denizini g\u00f6sterir bir kapsamda olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Bu da haritan\u0131n Kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ile ilgili 1. Husustaki tahminle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Husus: Haritalar\u0131n Katlanma Yerleri.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        B\u00fct\u00fcn haritalar\u0131n bir tasar\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 haritalar rulo yap\u0131larak sar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, baz\u0131 haritalar ise levha \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak katlanmaktad\u0131r. Piri reisin haritas\u0131n\u0131n bulunan par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu kenar\u0131ndaki y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve silik yaz\u0131lar bu kenar\u0131n katlanan kenar oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Bu kabule g\u00f6re haritan\u0131n di\u011fer yapraklar\u0131, eldeki k\u0131sm\u0131n ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k katlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan uzunlukta olmal\u0131d\u0131r (2 kat\u0131, 3 kat\u0131, 4 kat\u0131 \u2026). Yukar\u0131da zikredilen Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en ideal kat\u0131n \u201c3\u201d oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

        \"\u015eekil<\/a>

        \u015eekil 9 Haritan\u0131n muhtemel kat yerleri<\/p><\/div>\n

        Haritan\u0131n enine 3 kat oldu\u011funu var sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda haritan\u0131n Do\u011fu Bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uzunlu\u011fu 180 cm olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Yukarda ismi zikredilen Cantino Haritas\u0131n\u0131n enlemesine 3 kattan olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00dcstelik ilk kat izi \u00fczerine denk gelen boylam Piri Reis\u2019in haritas\u0131n\u0131n bulunan k\u0131sm\u0131 ile neredeyse birebir ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Cantino haritas\u0131nda da iki kat izi bulunmas\u0131 bu konuda yap\u0131lan tahminimizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir.<\/p>\n

        \"\u015eekil<\/a>

        \u015eekil 10 Cantino Haritas\u0131 ve Piri Reis haritas\u0131n\u0131n ilk kat izi hizalar\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

        \u015eimdi ise Kuzey-G\u00fcney do\u011frultusuna bakal\u0131m. Haritan\u0131n Kuzey kenar\u0131nda \u00e7izilen \u00e7izgilerin birden kesildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7izgiler kesildikten sonra yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 cm uzunlu\u011funda bo\u015f bir \u015ferit vard\u0131r. Bu \u015feritten yukar\u0131daki par\u015fomenin bitim \u00e7izgisi ise b\u0131\u00e7akla kesilmi\u015f gibi d\u00fcmd\u00fczd\u00fcr. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6stergeyi birlikte ele alacak olursak: Haritan\u0131n kolay d\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi amac\u0131yla (veyahut tek par\u00e7a par\u015fomene harita s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in) bulunan k\u0131sm\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan ba\u015fka bir k\u0131sm\u0131n daha var olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Yani haritan\u0131n Kuzey G\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde iki par\u00e7al\u0131 \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Haritaya bak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zaman bu par\u00e7a \u00fcst tarafa koyulmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f bittikten sonra \u00fcst par\u00e7a, alt\u0131ndaki simetrik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n (mevcut k\u0131sm\u0131n) \u00fcst\u00fcne kapat\u0131l\u0131r ve harita d\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu durumda haritan\u0131n toplam y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 130 cm olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        \"\u015eekil<\/a>

        \u015eekil 11 Piri Reis Haritas\u0131n\u0131n bulunan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst kenar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p><\/div>\n

        B\u00fct\u00fcn bu veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Piri Reis\u2019in haritas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ebatlar\u0131n\u0131n 130 cm x 180 cm uzunlu\u011funda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        Bu haritan\u0131n eksik k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yukarda ismi zikredilen Portekiz haritalar\u0131 ile tamamlad\u0131m\u0131zda Piri Reis haritas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

        Umar\u0131m gelecekte bu haritan\u0131n kay\u0131p k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na da ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f denizcili\u011finin zirvesi olan Piri Reis\u2019in haritac\u0131l\u0131ktaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 da bir kez daha g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

        \"\u015eekil<\/a>

        \u015eekil 12 : Haritan\u0131n Tahmin edilen b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc. (Bo\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar Juan de la Cosa ve Cantino haritalar\u0131 ile doldurulmu\u015ftur.)<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Osmanl\u0131 denizcili\u011fi dendi\u011finde herkesin akl\u0131na ilk gelen isimlerden birisi de ku\u015fkusuz Piri Reis\u2019tir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f T\u00fcrk denizcili\u011finin zirve \u015fahsiyetinin Akdenizi derinlemesine ele alan eseri olan Kitab-\u0131 Bahriye eseri, onun denizcilik ve co\u011frafya alanlar\u0131ndaki \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 derecede bilgi ve...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":959,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=945"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":964,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/945\/revisions\/964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}