{"id":533,"date":"2016-12-09T14:28:54","date_gmt":"2016-12-09T12:28:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/?p=533"},"modified":"2017-09-21T17:49:11","modified_gmt":"2017-09-21T14:49:11","slug":"geleneksel-turk-mimarisinde-kemerler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/2016\/12\/09\/geleneksel-turk-mimarisinde-kemerler\/","title":{"rendered":"Geleneksel T\u00fcrk Mimarisinde Kemerlerin \u00e7izimi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar sonras\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Mimarisine ve Sel\u00e7uklu mimarisine \u00f6yk\u00fcnen yap\u0131larda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu tarzda yap\u0131lan yap\u0131lar\u0131 sevmi\u015f de olabiliriz sevmemi\u015f de. Ancak herkesin mutab\u0131k oldu\u011fu bir konu var ise, o da kimi yap\u0131larda, T\u00fcrk mimarisinin ihti\u015fam\u0131, esteti\u011fi, bi\u00e7imsel zevki yans\u0131t\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, do\u011fru oran ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerin kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 sonucu ortaya komik, ya da ne \u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirsiz tarzlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor oldu\u011fu\u00a0ger\u00e7e\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130cad\u0131 M.\u00d6. 2binli y\u0131llara kadar uzanan kemerlerin yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131 Roma imparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde olmu\u015ftur. Sonralar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok medeniyet, kendine has \u00fcsluplar\u0131yla kemerleri geli\u015ftirmi\u015f, s\u00fcslemi\u015f ve yorumlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kemerler T\u00fcrk mimarisinin de olmazsa olmaz \u00f6\u011felerindendir. Orta Asya’dan Anadolu’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler, tu\u011flalarla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kemerleri sonralar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 mimarisinde ta\u015fa yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015f ve kendine has \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve oranlara ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gel gelelim g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, gerek tasar\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda gerekse, uygulama a\u015famas\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk kemeri olarak nitelendirdi\u011fimiz kemer formlar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tabilen mimar, usta say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fildir. \u00a0Kimisi, do\u011fru sonucu bilse de do\u011fru sonuca giderken y\u00f6ntemsel hata yapar, daha \u00f6zensizce yap\u0131lan yap\u0131larda ise, ne i\u015fin sahibinin ne tasarlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne de uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk kemerinin ne oldu\u011fu ya da ne olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir malumat\u0131\u00a0olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, “T\u00fcrk mimarisi yeniden hayat buluyor” spotlar\u0131yla garip binalar\u0131n y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu konunun karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili \u015funu da bilmek gerekir ki, Sel\u00e7uklu ve erken Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130ran tarz\u0131na \u00f6zenen, son d\u00f6nem Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Barok tarz\u0131na \u00f6zenmenin \u00f6tesinde, Osmanl\u0131 Baro\u011fu denen bir \u00fcslubu ortaya koyan i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015fmeler de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"kkk\"<\/a>

Resim: Ta\u00e7 kap\u0131lara \u00f6yk\u00fcnen ama kemeri Gotik kemer\u00a0\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir uygulama.<\/p><\/div>\n

\"okul\"<\/a>

Gotik kemer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri uygulanm\u0131\u015f bir okul projesi<\/p><\/div>\n

\"wwey\"<\/a>

Tasar\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 mimarisinde kullan\u0131lan Penci kemer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde, do\u011fru \u00e7izilen ancak uygulamada yap\u0131lamayan orta kemer. (Ankara- Necip Faz\u0131l K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi)<\/p><\/div>\n

Bu konuda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz mimarlar\u0131nda ki kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in, t\u00fcmden gelim yaparak, \u00f6nce T\u00fcrk kemeri ne de\u011fildir<\/span> sorusuna cevab\u0131n\u0131 aramak gerekir. Sonras\u0131nda ise, T\u00fcrk kemerinin ne oldu\u011funu anlamak daha kolay olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"roma_kemeri\"

Roma kemeri Kemer tam yar\u0131m daire \u015feklindedir, kimi zaman ortas\u0131ndaki kilit ta\u015f\u0131 kabar\u0131k \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131r, d\u00fcz uygulamalar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. (Roma)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"romanesquearchitecture\"

Romanesk Kemer- \u00a0Kemer yar\u0131m daire \u015feklindedir ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kemerlerin oturdu\u011fu yerlerde, yalanc\u0131 kolonlar bulunabilir.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"indianarc\"

Hint Kemeri Kemer olduk\u00e7a girintili \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Hintliler, edebiyatta, sinemada, m\u00fczikte oldu\u011fu gibi mimaride de sadelikten olduk\u00e7a ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, Fraktal gibi, ba\u015fl\u0131klar halinde daha derin detaylar eklerler. Hint kemerlerinin en belirgin \u00f6zellikleri bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f hareketlerdir. Arap Kemerleriyle benze\u015firler.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"persian-arch-isfahan\"

\u0130ran Kemeri \u0130ran kemerleri T\u00fcrk kemerlerine en \u00e7ok benzeyen kemerlerdir. \u00d6zellikle Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6nemine ait eserlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kemerler, \u0130ran tarz\u0131na olduk\u00e7a benzemektedir. Ancak, iran kemerlerinin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131 daha sivridir ve kemer daha bas\u0131kt\u0131r. (\u0130sfahan)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"moorish-arch\"

At nal\u0131 Kemer\/ Arap Kemeri Kemer yar\u0131m daireden daha geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Kuzey Afrika ve End\u00fcl\u00fcs Emevi eserlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. (Cordoba Cami\/\u0130spanya)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"palacio-aljaferia\"

End\u00fcl\u00fcs Emevi kemeri (El Caferiye Saray\u0131- Zaragoza)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"gottic\"

Gotik kemer Gotik kemer de en \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk kemeri ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan kemerlerden biridir. Nedeni ise, \u00e7izim \u015feklidir. T\u00fcrk kemerine g\u00f6re daha uzun ve daha sivri bir kemerdir. \u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7erek kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"chinese-arch\"

Geleneksel \u00c7in Peyzaj mimarisinde bir kemerli kap\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Bu \u00f6rnekler, r\u00f6nesans, barok, Art\u00a0Noueavu ve ba\u015fka ak\u0131mlarla \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi geleneksel T\u00fcrk mimarisinde kullan\u0131lan \u00f6rneklere bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"edirne-27\"

Mimar Sinan D\u00f6nemi- Penci Kemerler (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan Tek Merkezli Te\u011fet Kemer) (Edirne Selimiye Camii)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"sircali-medrese\"

Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu D\u00f6nemi Tu\u011fla ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00c7ift Merkezli Te\u011fet Kemerler\u00a0(S\u0131r\u00e7al\u0131 Merdrese Konya)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"sahibi-ata-konya\"

Sel\u00e7uklu D\u00f6nemi- \u00c7ift Merkezli te\u011fet kemerler (Sahibi Ata K\u00fclliyesi Konya)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\"SONY

Bas\u0131k Kemer. Genellikle kap\u0131larda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 \u0130stanbul)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Bu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Kemerlerin do\u011fru \u00e7izimleri\u00a0resimde anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu form, kaba yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, ince yap\u0131n\u0131n formu olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, bu cephe \u00fczerine herhangi bir kaplama yap\u0131lacaksa, kaplaman\u0131n gelmesinden sonra kalacak form iyi hesaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gerekli e\u011friselli\u011fin verilmesi zor olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, en \u00fcstte kaplama yerine, kal\u0131pla d\u00f6k\u00fclebilen formlar ya da, kemerlerin orjinal ta\u015f dizilimini takip eden ta\u015f dizimleri ile do\u011fal ta\u015f kaplama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde kemer formu bozulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131zda Geleneksel T\u00fcrk mimarisinin unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 tercih eder misiniz, etmez misiniz bilmem. Ama e\u011fer ilk se\u00e7ene\u011fi se\u00e7erseniz, \u00e7ok hassas oranlarla, ince m\u00fchendislik hesaplar sonucu olu\u015ftururmu\u015f bu bi\u00e7imlerin kopyas\u0131n\u0131 bile yapman\u0131n sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kadar kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 akl\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Model\"<\/a>

T\u00fcrk Kemerlerinin Do\u011fru \u00c7izimi Kaynak: Klasik Yap\u0131 Detaylar\u0131- Fatih Uluengin, B\u00fclent Uluengin, Mehmet Beng\u00fc Uluengin\/Yem yay. 6. Bask\u0131 2016<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar sonras\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Mimarisine ve Sel\u00e7uklu mimarisine \u00f6yk\u00fcnen yap\u0131larda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu tarzda yap\u0131lan yap\u0131lar\u0131 sevmi\u015f de olabiliriz sevmemi\u015f de. Ancak herkesin mutab\u0131k oldu\u011fu bir konu var ise, o da kimi yap\u0131larda, T\u00fcrk mimarisinin...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[41,42,40,44,43,46,45,47],"class_list":["post-533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur","tag-arch","tag-geleneksel","tag-kemer","tag-mimari","tag-osmanli","tag-ottoman","tag-traditional","tag-turkish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=533"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":576,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/533\/revisions\/576"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ibrahimaybek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}